Moby dick

            Moby Dick

  This American novel by melvile is a complex work. We can see the writer want's to present many idea many meanings are hidden in the work.

(1) Good vs. Evil :-

   Mody dick is a religious allegory there are puritan allements we find the novelist present conflict between good and evil. There are the storys of the bible. The alements of crituality are woven in the work.

       Ahab is a symbol of goodness and moby dick is a symbol of evil. Moby dick is killer he is a great threat to sailors the man kind Ahab want's to kill him. He shows great power and detremination for good .he is read to resive pain. he sacrifices him self. He is heroic vertues do not go in vail.

(2) Expoeting of whale Hunting:-

    

    For Many years people has hunted Whales for there oil and Flesh. They have been hunted it has become and indstriy . This business was at it is high in the 19 century. Americans and some of uropian contries seached for whales it was a higly profitable business so whaling Hunting.

       In this novel we find the refleting of this things the pequod is a whaling ship they hunt whale meracle man's greed is unlimited he does not stoped it has been exploited as a result what's exestans all most came to end the writer want's to give massage he shows red light to whale hunting perhapes he favour the profeetion of the whales. Perhaps this is also discribe by showing crueal ,heart less killing. Melvile writes about whale's with great sympathy and love.

(3) limites of Knowledge :-

     

      Man has developted him self. He has made great progress since and technology are his invention he has a tried to get knowlege of the universe but there is a bowundry his knowledge has limits we think are big but when we see the our smallness found the see it self tells the same ideas. We have come to know only a little thing. Thousand's of think have remained have the bottam we do not know the sky we do not know what well hapend next ment.

       Ahab thinks his having lot of expireance but it brinks death to him all the sailors on the ship pequod.

(4) Adventure and domesticity:-

   There is a complex between adventure and demesticity. Those who go our side experience a wonderful life a man is a tested of his verture of strength, courage detrmention and sance the sea is a great adventures. Man does not no great forces of the universe.

        

      We are given great exiting event of the ship pequod and we no simple life of people on the land out of Ahabs 40 years of see life.we lived only three or four years on land on the other hand the adventures often become miss adventure. The pequod never returns. There is no life for Ahabs family many sailars also never returns. 

      The novelist puts this things they give his view to life. His experiances have helped to describe the themes for a reader it gives multy meani.g and such type of a work is always exiting and intersting.

Light

                     

                                                         Light

            

                                                                  - Bourdillon 

  

     William Bourdillon was a British poet and translator. Born in Runcorn, Cheshire, Bourdillon was educated at Worcester Collage Oxford. He acted as tutor to the sons of prince christian of Schleswig- Holstein

      He is known mostly for his poetry and in particular the single short poem "The Night Has aThousand Eyes". He in fact had many collections published, including Among The Flowers, And Other poems..

       "Light" published in the spectator The poem "The Night Has a Thousand eyes" the night is personified into a person as well as the Daylight.

The night is said to have "A thousand eyes" like God are said to be omnipresent.while the Daylight has one "The light of the bright world dies with the dying sun" , a symbolic representation of Light vs. Darkness occurs while light represents hope renewal or intellectual illumination. Darkness implies the unknown ignorance or despair. The light dying could represent the loss of intelligemce or the lost of something that is pure. In the second stamza, the Night is no longer addressed but the human mind is spoken of and the heart is now porsonified. The lines "The mind has a thousand eyes, and the heart has only your true love in its "thoughts". The last two lines of the second stanza have the Daylights death but the life of an individual dies when their love is finished. The heart represents love and emotions, so when your love is lost then so will your emotions vanish. Ever heard of dying from a broken heart?

       

The Fly

                                                  The Fly

                                           
                                                   

                                      

                 
                                                                      - William Blake
     
      William Blake was a English poet , painter and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now Considered a Seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". His visual artistry has led one contemporary art critic to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced".
     
         The poem stars with a simple, everyday ecperience. In the first stanza , a human being brushes away an annoying fly, brushes it away with a "thoughtless hand." That is to say , the movement is so insignificant that the person doesn't give it a second thought. But poetry specializes in finding large meaning in small moments, so the story doesn't end there.

         In stanza two the person who has waved the fly away pauses to contemplate the moment from a larger persective. In the great cosmic scheme of things, is the human being really any stanza three elaborates on the theme of stanza two. All human beings are moratal we're all going to die someday. So we're all just going about our lives dancing ,drinking , singing ,etc... until some unseen hand strikes us down.

        Stanzas four and five offer one possible reason for all beliving that a human life may matter more than the life of fly. We are capable of thinking about the meaning of our lives. That's what separatez us from files and other unthinking creatures.That's what separates us from files and other unthinking creatures.That's whatakes it possible for us to be happy even in the face of our own mortality.

        The theme of "The Fly" is man's extreme weakness in comparison to GOD/death/fate. The poem also uses a common theme of Blake's innocence and experience.The Fly is totally inncent and powerless. The speaker realizes that human beings are powerless in the same way , and this passes him into the realm of experience.

Daffodils

   

                              

      

                Daffodils

                  - William WordsWorth

William worth woth was one of the major poets of his time honored as England's poet literature. He was a nature poet who helped to coin the term 'Romanticism' in English Literature along with I.A Richards in 1798, by the publication of 'Lyrical Ballads".

       William wordsworth wrote Daffodis on a stormy day in day in spring, while walking along with his sister Dorothy near Ullswater lake in England. He imagined that the daffodils were dancing and invoking him to join and enjoy the breezy nature of the fields. Dorothy words worth the yonger sister of william wordsworth, found the poem so interesting that she 'Daffodils' as the subjects for her journal. The poem contains six lines in four stanzas as an appreciation of daffodils.

             

                      The Speaker says that wandering like a cloud floating above hills and valleys he encountered a filed of daffodils beside a lake. The dancing , fluttering flower stretched endlessly along the shore, and though the waves of the lake danced beside the flowers the daffodils outdid  the water in glee. The speaker says that a poet could nit helpe but be happy in such a joyful company of flowers. He says that he started and stared, but did not relized what wealth the scene would bring him. For now whenever he feels "vacant" or "pensive", the memory flashes upon "that inward eye/ That is the bliss of Solitude", and his heart fills with pleasure, "and dance with daffodils".

        The poem 'Daffodils' is also known by the title ' I Wander Lonely as a Cloud', a lyrical poem written by william wordsworth in 1804. It was published in 1815 in 'Collected Poems' with four Stanzas.William Wordsworth is a well- known romantic poet who belived in conveying simple and creative expressions through his poems. He had quoted "poetry is the Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility". Thus Daffodils is one of the most popular poems of the Romantic Age, unfolding the poet's excitement , love and parise for a field blossoming with daffodils.

  *The four six-line stanza of this poem Follow a quatrain- couplet rhyme scheme: ABABCC.

   Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter.

The Eagle

                   

 
                               The Eagle
                                            -Tennyson
* Introduction:-

   Composed in 1851, tennyson's poem The Eagle is a brief but vivid glimpse into the world of this powerful bird. In aere six lines of poetry, Tennyson has constructed a masterly portrayal of the eagle in its natural surroundings, This poem is very short but full of meaning.
“The Eagle" A Fragmemt was first published in1851, when it was added to the seventh edition of Tennyson's poem which had itself been published first in 1842. As with the best of the poet's work this short poem displays a strong musical sense the words chosen such as “crag" “azure" and “thunderbolt" not only fit the meaning of the poem but also fit the slow musical sensibility which gives the poem its thoughtful almost worshipful, tone.
 
*Summary:-

       Tennyson's poem “The Eagle" though short, has regular rhyme and other poetic devices such as iambic tetrameter, alliteration, personification and simile. The first three verses are rather differents from the final three. The first three stranza focus on the eagle but the final three focus on the eagle's world and nature. The literary devices of the poem and the powerful imagery combine to make it a classic in the world of English poetry.In the initial three line stranza the eagle is pictured in a lofty position, on a crag 'close to sun'.
     The first verse of the poem exemplifies personification. Though the eagle has claws, Tennyson uses the word "hands". In the second verse, Tennyson makes it clear that the eagle is very high in the sky when he says it is close to sun. The phrase “lonely lands" expresses the eagle's solitude. It is also an example of alliteration because “lonely" and “lands" both start with the letter “l".
   
      The final three verses of the poem mark a shift in the direction of the poem becasu they describe the ocean, the eagle's home of mountain walls, and Finally,his descent to the world below. The Sea has the appearance of being wrinkled and it merely Crawls. This is in contrast to the Swift motion of the eagle through the sky. It is also important to note that the eagle is so high in the sky that everything seems slow and distant. when the eagle watches from his mountain walls, one senses that the eagle has good view of all below and also that the movement the eagle spots prey, it will be attacked. This is Emphasized in the final line which Compares the eagle to a thunderbolt. The reader Senses the speed of the eagle as it flies from high in the sky to the world below. This comparision with “like" is an Excellent example of smile.

The postmaster

                                              

         The Postmaster
                                 Rabindranath Tagore


       Introduction of writer:-

 Tagore's literary reputation is disproportionately influenced by regard for his poetry;  however,  he also wrote novels,  essays,  short stories,  travelogues,  dramas,  and thousands of songs.  of Tagore's prose,  his short stories are perhaps most highly regarded,  indeed,  he is credited with originating the Bangla-language version of the genre. His works are frequently noted for their rhythmic,  optimistic,  and lyrical nature.However, such stories mostly borrow from deceptively simple subject matter the lives of ordinary people.

Summary:-
   Rabindranath Tagore's"The Post Master"  is full of Pathos and moves the readers to tears The Postmaster belonged to calcutta.  He came to Ulapur a village as a post master.He had no friends there. So, he was troubled He finds himself feeling very lonely and unable to relate to the factory workers around him. Conversation and companionship comes to Dadababu in the form of a young servant girl names Ratan.  His salary was small and he had cook his meals.  Ratan,  an orphan girl of the village used to share meals with him.  Ratan called the post master as"Dadda''.  She helped him while cooking. The postmaster used to chat with ratan in the evening.  He told about his family members. The postmaster also taught her how to read and write.  One day evening the postmaster fell ill.  Ratan became a mother to him and take care of his recovery. He sat besiding throw out night and prefer gruel for him. When he recovered,  the post master applied for a transfer His application was rejected.  He sent resignation and hc told Ratan that he was leaving the village.  When she heard the news.  she was shock and asked him wheather he would take care with him.  The post master laughter at her.  Ratan felt sad.  While leaving the post master told her that he could recommend her to the new postmaster and he would look after her immediately she buret into tears and run away from that place.
The post master left the place forever.But ,Ratan was wantdering the post office. She hoped that her post master would return are day take her to him.

Theme:-
   This is one of the most inspiring and heart Wrenching story. So many emotions have conveyed by Tagor in such a subtle manner. The story revolved mainly around four themes longing, seperation, companionship and dependency
   Tagore,  a lover of nature,  uses it to describe the surroundings. "The postmaster's office has green,  slimy pond,  surrounded by dense vegetation."  The way he describes this shows that postmaster is not in a position to appreciate his closeness to nature.  The postmaster can't stand the quietude of Ulaour.  He longs for the noises of traffic and life in Calcutta.  One evening,  he tells Ratan that he is going to teach her to read.  She grows closer to him.  She sees him as her onl relative.  She grows dependent.  But,  as the season's rain scemed like it would never end,  like the constant patter on the roof,  Dada was troubled by his heart's exile.  He falls sick in his solitude Ratan takes care of him,  and he recovers just taking her presence for granted.  But,  he then decides age.  He writes an application of transfer,  bascd on the unhealthiness of that he has to leave this village.  The transfer is rejected
     He tells Ratan that he has resigned and will be leaving the village,  She asks him to take her with hiIll.  He thinks of it as an absurd idea and she is haunted by his reaction.  Next morning,  she fills a bucket of water for him.  He bathes and waits for the next postmaster to arrive.  He consoles Ratan saying that he would inform the postmaster about her.  He even offers her some money to keep.  She refuses both and expresses that she doesn't want to stay there any more
     Ratan has lived a life of loneliness.  Dada was her only companion,  and the only one who seemed to understand her.  She is broken,  when he has to leave without her.  He leaves as soon,  as the new postmaster arrives.  He hesitates for a moment as the boat leaves,  but it is too late for him ways a human mind works.  The postmaster uses the to take her with him.  Tagore illustrates the tw element of philosophy to console hirTIself.  He tells himself that meeting,  attachment,  and departing are all part of life.  It will all settle with the passage of time.  The wind that fills the sails of the boat indicates the reason the postmaster fills his heart with,  as he separates himself from the village
   However,  Ratan stands outside the office with tears streaming from her eyes."  She has succumbed to a common human folly,  as Tagore expresses,  of hope.  She has been separated from her only bond and now longs for it to return.  Tagore ends by saying that humans often fall into hope than seeing the reason,  and long before we realize,  disappointment becomes too hard to handle
     Firstly,  the story revolves around longing and separation starting and ending with this The post master is taken away from his family and brought to a remote village.  He was in a village, where its busy people were no company,  and he was left with not much work to do.  He tries to pacify his longing emotions by writing poetry.  However,  the fact that he tries to write something external to him,  like nature,  makes it an impossible venture.  An orphan girl of the village,Ratan helps him with his daily chores.  He speaks to her about his mother and sistcr in the evenings,  and would keep enquiring about her family He would speak with sadness of all those memories which were always haunting him.

Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde

                             

* Describe the main themes of the novel “Dr.Jekyll and Mr Hyde"

   There are some basic ideas in the novel we call them themes the novelist knits his works around such ideas. There can be many themes this novel has mainly two themes. This novel has mainly two themes. They are
     1. The struggle between good and evil
     2. The struggles of the divided self

(1) The struggle between good and evil:-
     
            This is a universal theme. Most of the writers present it. Our novel is not explain of it. Our writer Robert stevenson stories from his father. They had religious values. He was sansitive to such things. So they came into novels.
      Dr.Jeckyll represent good and Mr.Hyde represents evil. Dr. Jeckyll is a brilliant scientist he worked to help the poor and suffering He was a happy man. He feared unkindness and cruelty.he spent good time with friends he walked often and read a lot. He make many experimemts in his laboratory. Research and experiment were continuously going on. In short he is a very good man.
       On the contrary is Mr.Hyde we don't know his work. He saw him visiting Dr.Jeckyll he found him as a know person to Dr.Jeckyll. he was pale and unpleasant his smil was displeasing he had wicked and ugly face. He was cruel by nature people hated him . He was a murderer too.                      
          The novelist says that people are mixture of good and evil . Jeckyll was good that 's why he was loved by all. Every body respected him. He had friends but hyde was completely evil so he had no friends. He was hated by all In the fight between  good and evil, good wins Dr. Jeckyll comes out of evil spirit.

(2)Divided Self:-
       
             Man is made of good and bad.  Both things are there sometimes he is good and othet time he is bad. Mostly good things come out A man also wishes to remain in good and do good.  But there are temptations , greed and secret joy He wants to enjoy bad things but his good serf doesn't allow so he is forced to be good.  So these are two sides of a man. The novelist has separated them. Dr.Jeckyll and Mr.Hyde both are in one man. They remain in a person. To explain as the novelist used two personalities. We take them as one.
       Jeckyll is good but Hyde is bad. During the day the doctor is found. Day is reality.  Day is light It is always good Mr. Hyde is found in the night. He remains in the dark Night hide reality.  It brings bad so there is Conflict of two selves one self does good during the day and other self does bad during night. Openly a man is good and secretly he is bad Any man does not want to show his secret self.
   
         But Secret things bring bad result Mr.Hyde the dank side is very terrible his cruelty and hatred are punished Dr.Jeckyll the good side is winner and rewarded
          But conflict between them is terrible mostly bad self becomes heavy temptation is there. Joy is unlimited but it is short Dr. Jeckyll knows it so he tries hard to keep bad things away. he knows that nobody will accept bad things He forces his dark side out with a great effort. He becomes successful.

(3) Third theme of the novel can be found it is related to misuse of science:-
     
             Science has brought good fruits to mankind Science is a tool. If we use it purposefully its okay. Its misuse brings destruction only man has to decide how to use the tool It gives power but if Power kills one's own self there is no use Dr.Jeckyll uses science For his selfish purpose and ultimately he is killed He loses everything
      Thus,novel is combination of such ideas. We need such stories so thatwe learn some wisdom.